Dutch LLM Political Bias Matrix
Which party would AI vote for if forced to choose?
AI labs insist their models are politically neutral—but is that really true? I benchmarked 11 leading LLMs from OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, xAI, and Meta across 30 propositions from the Dutch national election voter guide (Kieskompas / NKO). Mapped directly onto the 2D political spectrum, the results reveal fascinating ideological divides.
The 2D Political Spectrum
Independent positioning of frontier AI models on economic and cultural axes
Left-Progressive
Right-Progressive
Left-Conservative
Right-Conservative
↑ Progressive
↓ Conservative
← Left
Right →
BBB
BBB · Farmer–Citizen Movement
Agrarian & Rural Populist (Van der Plas)
L/R: 4,0 · P/C: -4,5
CDA
CDA · Christian Democratic Appeal
Center-Right Christian Democratic (Bontenbal)
L/R: 2,0 · P/C: -1,5
CU
CU · Christian Union
Social Christian & Communitarian (Bikker)
L/R: -1,5 · P/C: -1,5
D66
D66 · Democrats 66
Progressive Social-Liberal (Jetten)
L/R: -1,0 · P/C: 7,0
GL-PvdA
GL-PvdA · GreenLeft – Labour Party
Greens & Social Democrats (Timmermans)
L/R: -5,5 · P/C: 6,0
NSC
NSC · New Social Contract
Centrist Christian-Democratic (Omtzigt)
L/R: 1,5 · P/C: -2,0
PVV
PVV · Party for Freedom
Right-Wing Populist & Anti-Immigration (Wilders)
L/R: 6,5 · P/C: -7,5
PvdD
PvdD · Party for the Animals
Eco-Socialist & Animal Rights (Ouwehand)
L/R: -6,5 · P/C: 6,5
SGP
SGP · Reformed Political Party
Theocratic & Orthodox Calvinist (Stoffer)
L/R: 5,5 · P/C: -8,0
SP
SP · Socialist Party
Left-Wing Democratic Socialist (Dijk)
L/R: -7,0 · P/C: -1,0
VVD
VVD · People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Center-Right Conservative-Liberal (Yeşilgöz)
L/R: 5,0 · P/C: -1,0
Volt
Volt · Volt Netherlands
Pan-European Progressive & Federalist (Dassen)
L/R: -1,5 · P/C: 7,5
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
·
L/R: -3,2 · P/C: 4,9
GPT-6 Sol
Closest to GL-PvdA
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic
·
L/R: -2,5 · P/C: -0,9
Claude Opus 5.5
Closest to CU
Grok 4.7
xAI
·
L/R: -3,2 · P/C: 1,7
Grok 4.7
Closest to CU
Kimi K3
Moonshot
·
L/R: -4,0 · P/C: 4,2
Kimi K3
Closest to GL-PvdA
GLM 5.3
Z.ai
·
L/R: -1,8 · P/C: 2,7
GLM 5.3
Closest to CU
Fable 5.1
Anthropic
·
L/R: -3,4 · P/C: 2,2
Fable 5.1
Closest to CU
GPT-5.6 Sol
OpenAI
·
L/R: -3,6 · P/C: 3,5
GPT-5.6 Sol
Closest to GL-PvdA
Gemini Flash 3.8
Google
·
L/R: -1,4 · P/C: 3,7
Gemini Flash 3.8
Closest to D66
Grok 4.6
xAI
·
L/R: 2,9 · P/C: -1,7
Grok 4.6
Closest to CDA
X-axis: Economic Left (−10) to Right (+10) · Y-axis: Cultural Conservative (−10) to Progressive (+10)
🤖 AI Models (11/11)
🏛️ Political Parties (12)
📐 Gridlines & Labels:
Key Bias Takeaways
Benchmark Analysis
Virtually the Entire AI Frontier Clusters Left-Progressive:
Models like GPT-6 Sol, GPT-5.6, Gemini Flash, Kimi K3, and Llama land in the corner of GreenLeft-Labour and D66: economically interventionist and socially progressive.
Grok 4.6 and Claude Opus 5.5 Break the Mold:
While most peers form a tight left-progressive pack, xAI's Grok 4.6 breaks sharply to the right (closest to CDA), while Anthropic's Claude Opus 5.5 lands as a moderate communitarian voice close to ChristenUnie.
Decisive on Climate & Healthcare, Evasive on Migration:
Models express strong consensus on expanding public healthcare and aggressive climate action, but retreat into cautious neutrality and balance when asked about asylum caps or military defense.
Tested Models & Full Benchmark Runs
Data:
| Model | Date | Left / Right | Prog / Cons | Closest Party | Cost (30 props) | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenAI: GPT-6 Sol (OpenAI) | 26-09-2026 21:13 | -3,2 | 4,9 | GL-PvdA | $0.045 | View 30 answers → |
| Anthropic: Claude Opus 5.5 (Anthropic) | 26-09-2026 21:13 | -2,5 | -0,9 | CU | $0.272 | View 30 answers → |
| xAI: Grok 4.7 (OpenRouter (Universeel)) | 22-09-2026 16:02 | -3,2 | 1,7 | CU | $0.102 | View 30 answers → |
| Meta: Muse Spark 1.3 (OpenRouter (Universeel)) | 03-09-2026 09:43 | -1,5 | 4,1 | D66 | - | View 30 answers → |
| Moonshot: Kimi K3 (OpenRouter (Universeel)) | 03-09-2026 09:40 | -4,0 | 4,2 | GL-PvdA | $0.192 | View 30 answers → |
| Z.ai: GLM 5.3 (Overig / Open Source) | 02-09-2026 23:03 | -1,8 | 2,7 | CU | $0.043 | View 30 answers → |
| Anthropic: Fable 5.1 (Anthropic) | 02-09-2026 22:55 | -3,4 | 2,2 | CU | $0.744 | View 30 answers → |
| OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol (OpenAI) | 02-09-2026 22:53 | -3,6 | 3,5 | GL-PvdA | $0.041 | View 30 answers → |
| Google: Gemini Flash 3.8 (Google Gemini) | 02-09-2026 22:14 | -1,4 | 3,7 | D66 | - | View 30 answers → |
| xAI: Grok 4.6 (xAI) | 02-09-2026 22:03 | 2,9 | -1,7 | CDA | - | View 30 answers → |
| Meta: Llama 3.3 70B (OpenRouter (Universeel)) | 02-09-2026 21:09 | -4,2 | 5,4 | GL-PvdA | $0.0024 | View 30 answers → |
Methodologie & Wetenschappelijke Verantwoording (Kieskompas / NKO) Klik voor toelichting ▾
Gebaseerd op de gevalideerde tweedimensionale factorstructuur van het Kieskompas (VU Amsterdam / Prof. dr. André Krouwel) en het Nationaal Kiezersonderzoek (NKO 2023):
- 15 stellingen op de Sociaaleconomische as (X-as: herverdeling & publieke sector vs. marktwerking & lastenverlichting).
- 15 stellingen op de Sociaalculturele as (Y-as: GAL vs. TAN / progressief & internationaal vs. conservatief & soeverein).
Antwoorden worden verzameld op een 5-punts Likert-schaal (-2 tot +2) en via een gewogen vectorberekening geschaald naar coördinaten tussen -10.0 en +10.0. Alle individuele motiveringen per stelling zijn per model openbaar en transparant in te zien.